How Language Forms Are Used On Everyday Social Situations

‘Pragmatics refers the study of how language forms are actually used in everyday social situations.’1 Pragmatics is the study of how words can be interpreted in different ways. Depending on the situation, this will help determine how speech is meant to be interoperated. One word or idea can be shown in a number of different ways. It is important that when we are producing and interpreting the sounds and words of a conversation we aren’t letting it be overridden by anything else. So many words have multiplied meanings attached to them. We are able to get an understanding of the conversations through context. Context can help the show the meaning of words. The rules of pragmatics make it easier to understand what parts of the language are socially acceptable to use. This links in closely with the concept of communicative competence it shows how a speaker s personal knowledge about what grammatical and language rules are appropriate to be used in a social situation. An example of this that most children are to call their parents ‘Mum, Dad or whatever is their cultural equitant is’, but there are some children who call their parents by their first names, which in some social and cultural situations is seen as very disrespectful. But this is how they were raised and their personal knowledge and experience of what is successful. Another example of communication competence is if you are asked ‘Must you be so loud?’ they are generally they are asking for you to be quieter, ratherShow MoreRelatedTMA01 Plan MattBrayshaw1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe art of English: everyday creativity: (a) Ronald Carter, ‘Common Language: corpus, creativity and cognition’, pp. 29–37. (b) Rukmini Bhaya Nair, ‘Implicature and impliculture in the short, short story and the tall, tall tale’, pp. 97–102. Summarise the main points of your chosen reading, and evaluate, with reference to other material in the module you have engaged with to date, the extent to which it helps you understand how to identify creativity in everyday language. Introduction OftenRead MoreBourdieu On Language And Symbolic Power976 Words   |  4 PagesBourdieu focuses on language and symbolic power. In the beginning Bourdieu talks about a concept he calls linguistic exchange, this refers to a transfer of language between two people, one who holds capital or assets and another who consumes the capital (knowledge) given by the speaker. For Bourdieu language is extremely symbolic and to go along with this symbolism are certain rules that people naturally understand and follow. It comes from the belief that language can be a form of power, those withRead MoreLanguage, An Important Aspect Of Human Life1448 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCATION Language plays an important role in a child’s life, it’s not just a social and information tool that is used to communicate ideas and facts, but it also includes many functions such as; emotional expression, social interaction and expression of identity. These all help to develop a child’s cognitive skill and prepare them for their lives as adults. Language can also be used to help a child express themselves, to socialize with others, to learn and are used by teachers and parents toRead MoreLanguage Is A Complex Tool Used By Humans877 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Language is a complex tool used by humans to convey meaning, express emotion and pass down information, it is a multi-faceted entity that is found in many forms. Language does not just mean the spoken language used in everyday life to express intent, ask questions, identify objects and convey feelings, but includes body language, such as facial expression and hand gestures, and written language. Body language is used both consciously and unconsciously to express emotion and feeling withoutRead MoreLanguage and Literacy1566 Words   |  7 PagesEDKL102- Assessment Task 1 Essay- What is Language? What is Literacy? How are they different? Teachers must have a sound knowledge and appreciation for language and literacy to be able to make the two concepts a valuable part of a students curriculum. This essay will explore the importance of language and literature in a students learning and how they assist in enhancing their development. 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However, as times changed and more was understood about the individuality in which people cope with disabilities and the relationship that exists between the interaction of a person’s environment and their wellbeing, various revisions of the ICIDH were put forth, each more holistic in nature focusing on the individual’s situation and circumstances asRead MoreUnderstanding Different Sociology Theories And Writing1232 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity of understanding different sociology theorie s and writing this thesis. I would like to thank the following people for taking time to respond to my questionnaire and for their input which help me apply symbolic interaction to different social issues. 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The Democratic Republic Of The Congo - 2181 Words

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the largest African countries located in central Africa. Congo is a country that has grown out of a history of Belgian colonisation. Congo also has a long history of an unstable government with a lot of problems with internal corruption. Being a land rich on natural resources with a poor government, Congo has been the perfect target for foreign exploitation of the lands resources. There is a high demand for cobalt from first world countries and the demand keeps rising every year. The current battery technology enables big technology companies to sell small handheld technological devices. Congo is one of the worlds leading supplier of cobalt. Almost half of the worlds cobalt was mined there. This cobalt can be found in any rechargeable battery such as the battery of a laptop or a smartphone. A cobalt rich battery has enabled us to have phones small enough to can fit in our pockets. These litihium-ion batteries can contain up to 10 grams of refined cobalt. Refined cobalt is the most expensive element in these batteries. Today, several Chinese companies are buying cheap cobalt from Congolese miners who working under dangerous conditions. The Congolese people are poor and desperate enough to do the hard and dangerous work. Families are forced involve their children in the mining work to be able to survive. The work pays less than minimum wage. The foreign mining business in Congo has caused Congolese people to sacrifice theirShow MoreRelatedThe Democratic Republic Of Congo1340 Words   |  6 PagesIssue: In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the diamond mining industry is being exploited by rebels who are using the diamonds as ‘conflict diamonds’. These diamonds are being used to illegally buy arms used towards the civil war and other conflict in the DRC. 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‘His Career Was a Failure but of the Most Glittering...

At the end of Hannibal’s career as a military commander of Carthage, a main enemy of Rome, it can be said that his career was a failure as he did not achieve his primary objective, the taking of Rome. However, his military achievements glittered and shone because he struck fear into Rome and he also earned himself a place in the modern world as the father of strategy. Hannibal will always be remembered and regarded as one of the greatest military tacticians and strategists in all of European history and is considered one of the greatest generals of the Ancient World. It was his superior strategy and tactical skills that allowed him to compete with and almost defeat Rome, but this greatness prevented him achieving his ultimate goal, because†¦show more content†¦Despite Hannibal’s dazzling military achievements and the eventual establishment of a legacy that outlived Rome itself, it is fair assessment to say his career was a failure. Hannibal’s ambition wa s to take over Rome, a country he had hated, even from a young age when he had sworn that as long as he lived he would never be a friend of Rome. â€Å"He swore eternal hostility towards Rome.† (100 Great Military Commanders, 2004, pg. 14) However long he lingered in enemy land and no matter the great success and imperial tactics Hannibal had achieved at Cannae, he was unable to defeat and conquer the great Roman Republic. As he was unable to defeat the Romans, he was unable to achieve his primal objective which is why his career as a military commander can be regarded as a failure. While Hannibal’s greatness can be seen in his outstanding military strategies and tactics, after crossing the Alps he won a number of decisive victories again the Roman legions. These victories caused Rome to lose most of its armies which made the city virtually undefended; however Hannibal’s approach to military engagement meant he could not take the risk to immediately sack Rome wh en it was in a weakened state. â€Å"Fortunately for the Romans, Hannibal refused to attack and destroy the Roman city of Rome. His hesitancy to attack and destroy Rome allowed the Romans to regroup and fight another day.† (The New Competitive Strategy, 2011, pg. 136) He could not be assured of victory and

Concept Of Map And Guided Response - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.The pathogenesis causing manifestations manifested inMrsBrown. 2. Nursing strategies to manageMrsBrown condition. 3. Mechanism of action of IV furosemide and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. Answers: The pathogenesis causing manifestations manifested in Mrs Brown Severe dyspnoea First, the severe dyspnoea that was revealed in Mrs Brown is a breathing discomfort that is characterized by shortness of breath (Yancy et al., 2013). Cardiovascular conditions such as low cardiac output and ischemic heart disease is an important cause of dyspnoea. The patient may have developed the condition after an intense exercise, high altitude experience or adverse changes in temperature. According to Yancy et al. (2013), Mrs Browns condition may have been caused by her sedentary lifestyle, asthma and interstitial lung infection among other coronary and pulmonary conditions. The conditions may have reduced the oxygen carrying capacity leading to cardiac failure and subsequently the shortness of breath. Increased anxiety, allergic reactions, anaemia, and pneumonia are also attributed to severe cases of dyspnoea. According to McMurray et al. (2012), Mrs Brown may have also been exposed to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide or as a result of her other heart problems that include pulmonary hypertension. Severe dyspnoea that the doctors diagnosed is majorly triggered by environmental pollutants such as smoke and chemicals that may have made it difficult for Mrs Brown to breathe normally (Wagner et al., 2014). Also, if Mrs Brown was asthmatic, then exposure to allergens such as pollen could have triggered severe dyspnoea episodes. Comprehensive physical examinations of using chest X-rays and CT images revealed more accurate diagnosis of Mrs Browns heart, lungs and associated system to ascertain the stipulated causes of severe dyspnoea (Slaughter et al., 2010). Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute Correspondingly, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute indicates acute reactive airways diseases such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and pneumonia. According to Wagner et al. (2014), the normal respiratory rate for older patients such as Mrs Brown should be between 12 and 18 breaths/minute. Thus, a pulmonary rate above the average especially in elderly patients like Mrs Brown indicated hypotension and necessitated immediate medical assessment. Asthma, lung and heart conditions can also cause rapid respiratory rate that Mrs Brown was experiencing. Research by Aitken, Marshall, Chaboyer (2016) also attributes to increased respiratory rate to Mrs Browns possible response to stress, unknown pain, and anger, or even a possible overdose of aspirin. SpO2 85% Moreover, SpO2 85% indicates an oxygen level of about 85% that the doctors established in Mrs Brown. According to Slaughter et al. (2010), the normal oxygen saturation degree in an individuals blood should be between 92% and 94%. Therefore, the 85% established implied that Mrs Browns body was not getting enough oxygen and straining her heart and other body organs. The chronic level of oxygen can be accredited to heart or lung diseases that Mrs Brown may have suffered from in the past. Also, according to Yancy et al. (2013), sleep disorder (obstructive sleep apnoea) may cause the airway not to open especially during sleep resulting in little oxygen circulation fully. BP 170/95mmHg Besides, the BP 170/95mmHg diagnosed implied that Mrs Brown had a high blood pressure (hypertension) of stage 2. According to McMurray et al. (2012), a blood pressure greater than 120/80mm Hg is considered to be above normal and must be controlled. Smoking, obesity majorly causes blood pressure, inadequate physical activity, increased salt consumption and stress. Also, the condition can be caused by old age, genetic, sleep apnoea and chronic heart and kidney conditions. Mrs. Brown had been diagnosed with a heart failure two years back, implying that the hypertension he is suffering from might be the result of the complications of the ongoing diagnosis. As a result of left ventricle dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension might arise due to the passive backward transmission of elevated left-sided filling pressures which occur due to systolic or diastolic LV dysfunction (Rosenkranz 2016). As per the authors, patients with left ventricular heart failure (HF) are likely to suffer the develop ment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and there is a significant impact on disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. A pulse rate of 120 beats/minute Also, a pulse rate of 120 beats/minute especially when resting or sleeping in the case of Mrs Brown is abnormal. According to Slaughter et al. (2010), a standard pulse rate should be between 60 and 100 beats/minute. Some of the things that may have caused Mrs Browns heart beat to increase above the standard rate include high blood pressure, food allergies and thyroid diseases. It is to be noted that Mrs. Brown had already been diagnosed with heart failure 2 years back. High blood pressure might also lead to heart failure due to left ventricular hypertrophy. Ventricular hypertrophy is the thickening of the heart muscle that leads to muscle relaxation between heart beats that are less effective. The heart is incapable of pumping blood for reaching to the organs of the body, especially at the time of exercises. Due to this, the body holds on to the fluids and the heart rate increases. Asthma, smoking and sedentary lifestyle are also attributed to increased heartbeat (Craft et al., 2015) . Lungs auscultation Lastly, given that the auscultation of Mrs Browns lungs identified bilateral basal crackles, she maybe had excess fluid in her lungs. Bilateral basal crackles are majorly caused by pneumonia which results into pus-filled and inflamed air sacs in the lungs. Likewise, bronchitis (that may lead to a severe cough and wheezing) and pulmonary oedema (causes blood pressure and collection of fluid in the lungs air sacs) are important causes of bilateral basal crackles (Yancy et al., 2013). Nursing strategies to manage Mrs Brown condition The first major policy is the comprehensive nursing assessment that includes various non-pharmacological interventions. Under this strategy, the nurses focus primarily on patient observation to ascertain the effectiveness of the treatment and intervention procedures (Wagner et al., 2014). The nurses are also tasked with understanding and implementing various patient self-management strategies. As such, the nurses will first assess Mrs Browns health history to establish conditions such as dyspnoea and oedema. The patients understanding of left heart failure is also explored coupled with other relevant physical examination (McMurray et al., 2012). For example, in the case of Mrs Brown, the nurses auscultated the lungs to establish the presence of crackles and wheezes. This nursing strategy will also involve measuring the urinary output of Mrs Brown as a form of diuretic therapy (Craft et al., 2015). The care plan under this strategy includes the promotion of patients physical activity and stressing of the patients self-care program among other relevant programs. Also, there is the pharmacological nursing management strategy that includes using diuretics to relieve associated systems of left heart failure such as oedema (Aitken, Marshall, Chaboyer, 2016). For instance, given that Mrs Brown has a history of heart failure, aspirin will be the most efficient anti-heart failure medication. Mechanism of action of IV furosemide and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate IV furosemide is a potent diuretic that is used in the elimination of water and salt from the body (Aitken, Marshall, Chaboyer, 2016). The drug function by blocking sodium, chloride, and water from being absorbed in the kidney tubules. After an oral admission of IV furosemide, there will be an increase in urine output that is eliminated from the body. The recommended dosage of IV furosemide is 20-80 mg per dose among adults administered every 6-8 hours. Correspondingly, sublingual glyceryl trinitrate works by making the bodys veins and arteries to relax and dilate making it easier for the heart to pump more blood to other parts of the patients body (McMurray et al., 2012). The drug with is orally administered is quickly absorbed into the body and prevent possible heart attack, high blood pressure, and chest pains. Nursing implication of the stipulated drugs Common side effects of IV furosemide include reduced blood pressure, dehydration, nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness and abnormal pain. Some of the side effects of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate also include a headache, dizziness, fainting, increased heartbeat, tongue ulcers and allergic reactions. The nurse must educate the patient about these potential side effects so that the patient is aware of the medical conditions that require immediate medical attention. Educating the patient about the side effect ensures that she is able to demonstrate self-management techniques for combating medical emergencies. Diuretic therapy through the administration of Furosemide is significant in providing the patient with a sense of relief from the symptoms of fluid retention associated with heart failure. The nurse is required to monitor and record the weight, pulse, blood pressure and lung sounds of the patient. In addition, the patient needs to be assessed for peripheral oedema. In case the patient is hypotensive, that is the systolic pressure is less than 100 mmHg, and there are signs of dizziness, fatigue or muscle cramps, the cardiologist is to be consulted at the earliest. The patient has to be reviewed the next day, and the symptoms are to be assessed again. The main element of the reassessment would be fluid status. This can be monitored by assessing the mucous membrane and skin integrity. When Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate is given, it is imperative to assess the vital signs appropriately. The drug is to be administered with caution to patients who are hypotensive or hypovolemia. The patie nt needs to be checked for thee level of consciousness. Moisture on sublingual tissue is required for dissolution of a sublingual tablet, and this needs to be taken care of. The nurse must also look for symptoms such as a headache, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, fever and cold skin (Liley et al., 2014). References Aitken, L., Marshall, A., Chaboyer, W. (2016).Acccn's Critical Care Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Craft, J., Gordon, C., Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V. L. (2015).Understanding pathophysiology-ANZ adaptation. Elsevier Health Sciences. Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., Snyder, J. S. (2014).Pharmacology and the Nursing Process-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Bhm, M., Dickstein, K., ... Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012.European journal of heart failure,14(8), 803-869. Slaughter, M. S., Pagani, F. D., Rogers, J. G., Miller, L. W., Sun, B., Russell, S. D., ... Adamson, R. M. (2010). Clinical management of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices in advanced heart failure.The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation,29(4), S1-S39. Wagner, K. D., Hardin-Pearce, M. G., Brenner, Z. R., Krenzer, M. (2014). High-acuity nursing. Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., ... Johnson, M. R. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure.Circulation, CIR-0b013e31829e8776.