Conflict Management at Miami Dade Public School - 3247 Words

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AT MIAMI DADE PUBLIC SCHOOL Disruptive behavior in schools has been a source of concern for school systems for several years. Indeed, the single most common request for assistance from teachers is related to behavior and classroom management. Classrooms with frequent disruptive behaviors have less academic engaged time, and the students in disruptive classrooms tend to have lower grades and do poorer on standardized tests. Furthermore, attempts to control disruptive behaviors cost considerable teacher time at the expense of academic instruction. School discipline issues such as disruptive behavior and violence also have an increased effect on teacher stress and burnout (Smith Smith, 2006). There is a significant body of research attesting to the fact that classroom organization and behavior management competencies significantly influence the persistence of new teachers in their teaching careers (Ingersoll Smith, 2003). New teachers typically express concerns about effective means to handle disruptive behavior (Browers Tomic, 2000). Teachers who have significant problems with behavior management and classroom discipline often report high levels of stress and symptoms of burnout and are frequently ineffective (Berliner, 1986; Browers Tomic, 2000; Espin Yell, 1994). The ability of teachers to organize classrooms and manage the behavior of their students is critical to achieving both positive educational outcomes for students and teacherShow MoreRelatedCommunication Barriers as an Organizational Behavior Issue3200 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Abstract This paper discusses communication barriers as an organizational behavior issue at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami. The hospital is one of the largest in the United States, with multiple sites, multiple buildings, and a diverse staff. This makes communication a challenge not only for providing quality care, but also for fostering innovation and leadership throughout the organization. Recommendations are provided to improve communication with the objective of improving overall performanceRead More Against Mandatory School Uniforms in Public School Essay4389 Words   |  18 Pages Imagine that you pick your seven-year-old child up from school. He is crying and wearing a different outfit than the one he wore to school. This is naturally upsetting but not as upsetting as your next discovery. His shirt, one you have never seen before, has a large L written on the sleeve in permanent marker; his shorts, also not his, are too large, stained and faded. Upon questioning your child, you discover that, despite your best efforts at compliance, your child’s clothing has violatedRead MoreThe Acquisition, Use, And Disposition Of School Property8925 Words   |  36 PagesDISPOSITION OF SCHOOL PROPERTY by MICHAEL LOONEY A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Educational Leadership, Policy, and Technology Studies in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2009 Copyright Michael Looney 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT This study examines the historical development of case law pertaining to the acquisition, use, and disposition of school district property

Online Poker Tips That Will Help Boost Your Performance

Blog 4 – Online poker tips that will help boost your performance When you journey back through time what you are likely to find is that poker is a game that transcends gender, age, class, and demeanor unlike anything else. It is quite literally a card game, which while traditional at heart, can be enjoyed by any modern day gambler. For hundreds of years poker has captivated the masses, with there now being more than 10 million players grabbing a slice of poker online and land based poker every single day. The game’s popularity is growing daily, with the urge to play the online poker card games becoming mighty hard for players to resist. As the game of online poker continues to gather steam, it is worth looking at what can actually make you a poker online success story. While everything tends to boil down to the action that takes place on the digital table, there is plenty more to the game than just a quick flutter. If you want to experience online poker for all that it’s worth you have come to the right place, as the following advice will put you on the fast track to success. Control, control, control The worst thing that anyone can do is play poker online in an uncontrolled fashion, but we do understand why it can happen at times. Poker as a game is built around high stakes action (no matter whether it online poker real money, free online poker, or otherwise), which means emotion can quite easily creep into the game. Because this is the case you need to approach theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Brand Positioning Strategy for Canadian Club3950 Words   |  16 Pagesshould be meaningful for consumers. In the case of Canadian Club whisky it aimed to differentiate its quality and uniqueness through exciting advertising campaigns such as â€Å"Adventure Series†, â€Å"Hide A Case†, â€Å"CC Find-A-Case Challenge† or â€Å"Damn Right Your Dad Drank It†. Also, Keller (1993) claims that brand knowledge consists of brand awareness and perceived brand image among consumers. Brand image is further divided into favourability, strength and uniqueness of brand associations. Therefore, inRead MoreData, Analytics, and Competitive Advantage14733 Words   |  59 Pagesfind valuable customers that competitors were ignoring, delivering ten-year financial performance a full ten times greater than the SP 500. Data-driven decision making is even credited with helping the Red Sox win their first World Series in eighty-three years and with helping the New England Patriots win three Super Bowls in four years. To quote from a BusinessWeek cover story on analytics, â€Å"Math Will Rock Your World!†[5 Sounds great, but it can be a tough slog getting an organization to the pointRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesphotocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designationsRead MoreInvestment and Economic Moats46074 Words   |  185 Pages(978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completenessRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Small Business Enterprise- Zodiac Garage Private Limited

Question: Discuss about the Small Business Enterprise for Zodiac Garage Private Limited? Answer: Introduction Being operated as a small business enterprise, many organizations have a plan to expand their business operation and holding of the market share with implementing a successful growth implementation plan. However, a proper assessment and the business management control needs to be delivered for make a successful. Before executing the business expansion strategy into the current profile, the business potentiality must be reviewed. The assessment of the past performance, identifying business strength and weaknesses, measuring competitive advantages, current business plan and activities of the management shall be explored for analyzing the future business growth opportunity. In this assignment, a profile of small sized business enterprise is going to be discussed because in the wake of increased workload, and to further streamline the business, the CEO of the company plans to develop an effective business plan to increase the structural efficiency and to enhance work productivity as well. Discussion of the profile of the business Since 2010, Zodiac Motor Garage, a small private enterprise, has been working in the location of Liverpool, England. The founder of the organization, Ronald Samuels, previously had been worked in the engineering company, in the repair and maintenance department. Later he took an initiative and explored his previous engineering experience and started Zodiac Motor Garage Private Limited. The company is aimed at to provide best customer service in the consumer discretionary sector of the retail-discretionary industry in England. Additionally, the company has a clear vision to spring to action to help get the customer back on the road safely, quickly and at the affordable cost in the market. The company has been selling used vehicles and known as a best vehicle service centre in Liverpool. There are nearly 75 people have been engaged in multiple vehicle engineering services like engine trouble, tire replacements, auto body repairs, electrical wiring problems, transmission defects and so on. Zodiac Motor Garage Private Limited provides a warm and welcoming atmosphere with a complement of courteous and knowledgeable staff those have an intension at turning the tide of unfortunate breakdowns into a pleasurable experience of getting back on the road (Bridge and O'Neill 2012). Ronald Samuels is the Managing Directors cum Chief Engineer of the organization. Jacob Smith and Mark Robinson, two others are mainly responsible for operational handlings of the garage. Apart from the internal structure of the organization, the external location of the garage is centrally located where residents can garage their used vehicles for selling purpose along with for repair and maintenance and can take a public conveyance home after handling over the vehicle to them. The key success indicator of the company are maintaining customer faith with the public relations, mainly through direct selling proposition, high trustworthiness and provide an affordable price structure. SWOT analysis of Zodiac Motor Garage Private Limited Strength Best Location and huge space: This small business enterprise is centrally located in Liverpool and a huge garage space is the biggest advantage of the company Goodwill of the business: The Company values ethical customer dealing and has successfully maintaining a trustworthiness relationship with their clients. Skilled workforce: Employees of Zodiac Garage Limited are skilled engineers and the management employs highly qualified operational professional as well. Direct selling value proposition: The company sells used automobiles through the direct purchase from customers Weakness Vintage Engineering technologies: Zodiac Garage Limited has been using the obsolete engineering technologies for repairing the automobiles and other restoration works. For instance, the company has been using old engine cooling system and provides manual vehicle painting technique. This results a huge financial loss and invests enough time for the service. Structural and management deficiency: The organizational structure is weak because the work responsibilities are not clearly defined by the management. Faulty work process: The entire work process has not been integrated with each functional department due to structural inefficiencies. Threat Limited resource: Zodiac Garage Limited is having limited resources. Though this company is self- owned by Ronald Samuels, the working capital structure dies not support the future business expansion plan. Frequency of change management: The pattern of business process and used technology are highly transformable in the automobile industry. Scarce workforce: Being a small owned company, the work-strength of the company is also restricted among 75 staff and 5 executives. This would be a huge threat in case of business expansion plan execution. Opportunity Huge market opportunity: Zodiac Garage Private Limited has a huge market expansion opportunity because the market competition is comparatively medium. The scope of outsourcing: The Company has been maintaining a good brand value in Liverpool area. Thus a good service reputation can be an opportunity for outsourcing the business to other locations across the nation. Huge scope for exploring automobile dealership business: There is a huge opportunity of dealership business where the company can sell new vehicles as well. (Source: Created by author) Analysis of the business measuring competitive performance Zodiac Garage Limited Company has been working in the retail automobile industry with good brand value. However, the company is facing difficulties to maintain same competitive performance due to presence of new entrants in the market. The companies like Tony and County Motor Garage Limited, Yorkshire Vehicles, and Oxford German Car Specialists limited are providing same professional repair and restoration services along with trade facilities. Furthermore, majority of the competitors of Zodiac Garage Limited are expanding their business operations by establishing different service centers across the nation. Therefore, a single service destination is not adequate for business sustainability in the long run. There is a huge requirement of multiple garage locations for accelerating higher customer service and more revenue in the long run. Recommendation to overcome the identified weaknesses: Currently, the chief executive officer of Zodiac Garage Private Limited is facing various issues due to the structural and the operational business inefficiencies. To better handle this situation, the organization needs to implement and maintain some action plans in a short span of time. Here are some recommendations provided to overcome the identified weaknesses: To overcome issue of vintage engineering technologies, it is recommended to use modern and advanced automobile service technologies and methods for better work excellence. For instance, the company should use the Auto spray painting machine for painting of vehicles. Furthermore, Zodiac Company can display fully fitted state of the art workshop where they can promote the usage of new technologies and automobile accessories. For example, Digital Techno graphs is a well fitted instrument on goods and passenger vehicles that are subject to techno graph rules that have already used in the automobile industry since 2006. But the company is not well versed about the fact that this techno graph can store several data like data, vehicle registration number, speed of the vehicle, Single or co-driver, insertion of driver card each day and so on. It is the responsibility of the business owner to incorporate modern technologies in their vehicle servicing activities (Burrows 2015). In addition, th e company should use better Car Wash Equipments and Tire Repair Machine JM7200 to be known as a better service provider in the automobile service industry. Therefore, the use of new and advanced technologies needs to be incorporated for resolving this issue. To resolve the structural and management weaknesses of Zodiac Garage Limited, it is recommended to recruit more people into the workforce. Specifically, Ronald Samuel is chief engineer, thus, there is an immense work pressure he usually handled. For mitigating this pressure, deputy engineers must be employed. The job responsibilities must be allocated as per the industry experience to better handle the increased workload issues. There are many issues are raised related to high work pressure (Bartlett 2014). If the company would like to outsource their business into other locations then employees and executives will experience more workload. To mitigate these operational and structural inefficiencies, the owner must introduce work flexibility for the employees. Furthermore, new employment is required for emergency roadside assistance, electronic diagnostic and engine diagnostic and so on. On the other hand, all functional departments must be integrated to enhance the professionalism. For instance, the operational personnel, Jacob Smith and Mark Robinson must be communicated and interacted with the CEO for better decision making. Zodiac Garage Private Limited, therefore, needs to be followed all the above mentioned appropriate actions to overcome the identified weaknesses in the small business. Analysis the ways of existing performance to be maintained and strengthened: There are a certain operational gap exist within the current organizational culture of Zodiac Garage Private Limited. This gap has been identified in the area of service mobility. There are many rival companies provide professional services through their several repairing outsourcing centre whereas Zodiac limited is only operating from the location of Liverpool (Henry, Rushton and Baillie 2016). Therefore, the company needs to explore new destination for offering both a state of workshop based service and a mobile diagnostic unit. Secondly, the work process system must maintain quick solution procedures with incorporating more machine works rather engaging people into the business. However, there are many complaints have been recorded from customers regarding the non-systematic administration and the performance of the sales department. Therefore, new business plan or revised organizational structure must be incorporated within the workplace. All these above mentioned suggestive acti ons must be implemented by the management of Zodiac Garage Private Limited. Recommendation and highlight new areas to business expand: Currently, the CEO of the Zodiac Garage Limited is looking for to expand his small business by exploring new areas of the business. After discussing and underpinning the entire operational activities, the following recommendations have been developed. By implementing all this recommendations, the business can resolve their current issues and also new ideas will be developed. First of all, the company needs to be developed a strong financial base. The most positive thing is that the company has a good brand value and customer reputation in the automobile service industry. Therefore, Ronald Samuels should take initiative for bank loan. Due to have a small size enterprise, the company is not listed in the stock exchange. Therefore, shareholders contribution cannot be possible in the business expansion plan. Therefore, the bank loan option is the best option for raising fund which must be handled effectively and efficiently. Zodiac Garage Limited currently sells used vehicles apart from the professional repairing services. To explore the business, the company can engage themselves into the dealership business. In this business exposure, Zodiac can sell any brand at their preferences (Hrebiniak 2013). Due to have enough space, the management of the company can make this idea fruitful. This plan could be beneficial because customer responses will definitely be increased. However, the company needs to serve extra responsibility in the case of dealership business because brand reputation along with the company goodwill needs to be maintained simultaneously (Harmon 2014). But the company can earn more profits from the chosen automobile dealers. On the other hand, the reputation and trustworthiness of the company could also be increased after getting the status of Authorized Service Dealer. To outsourcing the business, the number of service stations in the different location needs to be established to increase the service mobility (Babafemi 2015). The firm should aim to supply not only the general public but also for companies with a high quality service and should explore fully fitted state of the art workshop. All this service must maintain the cost effectiveness to maintain the competitive advantages in the market. Introducing Technology-driven trends into the current business can be responsible for changing customer behavior within the workplace. In the new work culture, the management needs to be accelerated 24/7 operations, keeping motorists maintained to a high level of standard above that of a normal garage. Furthermore, the integrated relationship with customer shall be maintained and an emergency assistance department needs to be implemented for better handling emergency roadside assistances. Assessment of existing business objectives and plans: In the proposed change management program, Zodiac Garage Private Limited has to change their business priorities. Offering the best service to their consumer was the initial objectives of the company. However, this is not adequate for outsourcing the business proposal. The changed business objectives, therefore, be as follows: To explore new garage areas for outsourcing the professional repairing services and maximizes customer satisfaction To diversify the operational activities and segregates the responsibilities for ensuring the maximum growth and revenue To deliver enthusiastic work culture and provides quality welding work, super quality body repairing service along with high quality vehicle paintwork in all their expanded service destination, maintaining cost effectiveness. To increase the workforce strength and service flexibility of the existing as well as the new appointed employees Incorporating all these objectives into the proposed change management plan, the full participation and involvement of the management will be required. The CEO of the company has to explore the transformational entrepreneurship where all employees and executives will get a chance to participate in core decision makings. Revised business plans incorporate suitable changes: To enhance the business competencies and accelerate garage service productivity, a revised business plan is highly desirable. Highly skilled and technically vibrant employees are the main driving force of the organization (Ackermann and Audretsch 2013). Therefore, the level of efficiency needs to be enhanced, giving extra privilege to their employees. For example, the management needs to be paid extra money for any overtime services. In other way, if an engineer is engaged in emergency vehicle recovery or emergency roadside assistance, then he /she will definitely get extra pay. On the other side, the employee work flexibility shall be managed effectively by the management otherwise it would be difficult for an employee to survive in the ever expanding and accepting service environment. The management should increase the responsiveness because if they engage in the dealership business apart from repairing services, then, the brand reputation of the dealer must be maintained providing best selling supervision and hassle free administration (Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright 2013). Here the garage supervision must be monitored and all the outsourcing service destinations must be functioned in an integrated manner. For instance, an extensive cars parking system must be developed to increase sales volume and revenue. A strong financial base is highly desirable for make the service system more mechanical and less manual (Goss 2015). An effective function of financial department of Zodiac Garage Private Limited have to take the responsibility for appropriate working capital management so that the authority can buy technical accessories like Auto painting machine, tire repairing improved machine as so on. It will ensure functional excellence in the automobile service industry. Action plan to implement the changes: Action Plan Strategy Plan 1: Improve team excellence and focus towards the common goal All functional departments like admin, operation, finance, sales and HRM must co-operate each other in every interaction. In this was a systematic work flow management system must be maintained. Secondly, senior engineers can guide and offer training sessions for serving better for customers. Plan 2: Garage maintenance and increase space facilities This would be better if the management start their operation and outsourcing their service from outside Liverpool. Every people associated with this company shall participate in the garage maintenance service. An organized and sophisticated vehicle parking place must be maintained for better customer satisfaction. Plan 3: Enhance technical excellence In spite of the use of vintage engineering equipments, the company will use advanced technologies and will make the entire system less manual with maintaining cost effectiveness. (Source: created by author) Impact of proposed changes: The business and the associated people will also be influenced by the proposed changes. Such impacts will be as follows: The service professionalism will be increased by operating under the stick vigilance of the management (Booth 2015). The customized work culture will increase the end productivity of the business and that would definitely be helpful to maintain competitive edges among other garage companies in UK. The better repairing and trading services provided by employees will increase intangible brand values of the business (Ocasio and Radoynovska 2016). Change management plans: The change management plans are as follows: i) To follow a transformational leadership where employee engagement will be valued in the decision making process in the business (plan for CEO) ii) To recruit highly skilled and experienced personnel in the automobile engineering industry (plan for HRM) iii) To provide best vehicle recovery and other technical assistance in the most cost effective manner (plan for operational department) iv) To give an extra effort for make better fund management system (plan for finance department) v) To supervise garage maintenance and ensure a high quality car accommodation (plan for administration) Monitoring improvement plan: Zodiac limited should maintain a service monitoring system to ensure that the proposed changed management plan is appropriately executed. For this, the administration will be evaluated the services and will collect customer feedbacks after the service sessions (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Furthermore, the management will conduct monthly meeting session for employees who are engaged in sales and customer dealings. All the customer complaints and the other operational issues will be resolved by arranging a direct employee-employer conversation. Conclusion: By implementing above plans and changed management strategies, Zodiac Garage Limited can definitely expand their service and will manage increased workload more effectively. However, this process execution is indeed a challenging part for the management of the company. But this changed business plan will be successful if the management get an active participation and cooperation from all departments of the company. References: Ackermann, S.J. and Audretsch, D.B. eds., 2013. The economics of small firms: A European challenge (Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Babafemi, I.D., 2015. Corporate Strategy, Planning and Performance Evaluation: A Survey of Literature. Journal of Management, 3(1), pp.43-49. Bartlett, R., 2014. Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Bill. Blackburn, R.A., Hart, M. and Wainwright, T., 2013. Small business performance: business, strategy and owner-manager characteristics. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 20(1), pp.8-27. Booth, S.A., 2015. Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. Routledge. Bridge, S. and O'Neill, K., 2012. Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Burrows, R. ed., 2015. Deciphering the Enterprise Culture (Routledge Revivals): Entrepreneurship, Petty Capitalism and the Restructuring of Britain. Routledge. Goss, D., 2015. Small Business and Society (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Harmon, P., 2014. Business process change. Morgan Kaufmann. Henry, C., Rushton, J. and Baillie, S., 2016. Exploring the sustainability of small rural veterinary enterprise. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(1). Hrebiniak, L.G., 2013. Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014. Business process management. Routledge. Ocasio, W. and Radoynovska, N., 2016. Strategy and commitments to institutional logics: Organizational heterogeneity in business models and governance. Strategic Organization, p.1476127015625040.

Use of Kennings free essay sample

The Beowulf Poet’s Effective Use of Kennings As I sit here reading Seamus Heaney’s modern translation of â€Å"Beowulf†, I realize what the poet is trying to portray and how he portrays it. Heaney’s use of the Anglo- Saxon poetic device of kenning brings about a different approach of reading (which seems to be more complex) yet allows the reader to still be able to derive the meaning of the story and what it’s about. Heaney uses a large number of kennings throughout the poem, â€Å"Beowulf†. Kennings, compound words or a phrases, can usually be synonyms/ substitutions/ circumlocutions, epithets, imaginative, allusive, metaphoric, mnemonic, or incongruous. When reading the episode of the battle I came across many kennings that made the story more interesting and enjoyable for me. Some of the kennings I have chosen from the reading that I choose to discuss are synonyms, epithets, incongruous, and metaphoric kennings. We will write a custom essay sample on Use of Kennings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Heaney uses epithets such By adding incongruous kennings Heaney is lightening up the mood for readers. Some of Heaney’s kennings that I came across myself are: â€Å"glory before death† (64, L. 1388) and â€Å"hard-pressed and enraged† (67, L. 1563). I found these two to be metaphoric because it does invite the reader’s intellectual and emotional participation. â€Å"Glory before death† (64, L. 1388), it makes you think what if the character dies before achieving glory. â€Å"Hard-pressed and enraged† (67, L. 1563), I as a reader feel the emotional aspect of being â€Å"enraged†. After getting through the reading and going through examples we now see how Heaney uses the kenning to both elicit audience response and display his thematic purpose. There are many poetic devices that can be used and that are used when writing a poem but the kenning is one that definitely makes reading more interesting and enjoyable in many ways!

Home Technology Essays - Pens, Writing Implements,

Home Technology The Toilet Yes...those tales you've heard are true. The toilet was first patented in England in 1775, invented by one Thomas Crapper, but the extraordinary automatic device called the flush toilet has been around for a long time. Leonardo Da Vinci in the 1400's designed one that worked, at least on paper, and Queen Elizabeth I reputably had one in her palace in Richmond in 1556, complete with flushing and overflow pipes, a bowl valve and a drain trap. In all versions, ancient and modern, the working principle is the same. Tripping a single lever (the handle) sets in motion a series of actions. The trip handle lifts the seal, usually a rubber flapper, allowing water to flow into the bowl. When the tank is nearly empty, the flap falls back in place over the water outlet. A floating ball falls with the water level, opening the water supply inlet valve just as the outlet is being closed. Water flows through the bowl refill tube into the overflow pipe to replenish the trap sealing water. As the water level in the tank nears the top of the overflow pipe, the float closes the inlet valve, completing the cycle. From the oldest of gadgets in the bathroom, let's turn to one of the newest, the toothpaste pump. Sick and tired of toothpaste squeezed all over your sink and faucets? Does your spouse never ever roll down the tube and continually squeezes it in the middle? Then the toothpaste pump is for you! When you press the button it pushes an internal, grooved rod down the tube. Near the bottom of the rod is a piston, supported by little metal flanges called "dogs", which seat themselves in the grooves on the rod. As the rod moves down, the dogs slide out of the groove they're in and click into the one above it. When you release the button, the spring brings the rod back up carrying the piston with it, now seated one notch higher. This pushes one-notch's-worth of toothpaste out of the nozzle. A measured amount of toothpaste every time and no more goo on the sink. Refrigera tors Over 90 percent of all North American homes with electricity have refrigerators. It seems to be the one appliance that North Americans can just not do without. The machine's popularity as a food preserver is a relatively recent phenomenon, considering that the principles were known as early as 1748. A liquid absorbs heat from its surroundings when it evaporates into a gas; a gas releases heat when it condenses into a liquid. The heart of a refrigerator cooling system is the compressor, which squeezes refrigerant gas (usually freon) and pumps it to the condenser, where it becomes a liquid, giving up heat in the process. The condenser fan helps cool it. The refrigerant is then forced through a thin tube, or capillary tube, and as it escapes this restraint and is sucked back into a gas again, absorbing some heat from the food storage compartment while it does so. The evaporator fan distributes the chilled air. In a self-defrosting refrigerator/freezer model, moisture condenses in to frost on the cold evaporator coils. The frost melts and drains away when the coils are warmed during the defrost cycle which is initiated by a timer, and ended by the defrost limiter, before the frozen food melts. A small heater prevents condensation between the compartments, the freezer thermostat turns the compressor on and off, and the temp control limits cold air entering the fridge, by means of an adjustable baffle. Smoke Detectors Is your smoke detector good at scaring to death spiders who carelessly tiptoe inside it? Have you ever leapt out of the shower, clad only in you-know-what, to the piercing tones of your alarm, triggered merely by your forgetting the close the bathroom door? Is it supposed to do this? There are two types of smoke detectors on the market; the photoelectric smoke detector and ionization chamber smoke detector. The photoelectric type uses a photoelectric bulb that shines a beam of light through a plastic maze, called a catacomb. The light is deflected to the other end of the maze where it hits a photoelectric cell.

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Essays

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Essays Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Paper Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Paper What makes you, you? Is who we are the result of our genes (nature) or is it the result of our upbringing (nurture)? Nature: the result of our genes Nurture: everything else other than genes, the culture you were brought up in, the country and family you were brought up In, the school you went to There Is an interaction between nature and nurture II. The Nature Component A. Genes: Our biological blueprint Our body is made up of millions of cells, in every cell, except egg and sperm, we have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs We have thousands of genes, which are considered to be he basic unit of heredity Genes are segments of DNA that carry the Instruction that give an organism its traits or characteristics Different size of animals and people depends on a single gene (chromosome 1 5) Sometimes multiple genes (gene complexes) are responsible for something such as obesity Genes are made up of nucleotides There are four nucleotides: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine They always come in pairs, A with T and G with C The sequence determine what a gene will do and what It will not do Changing Just one letter In a sequence changes what the gene does Common analogy: chromosomes are like books, genes are the words in a book, and nucleotides are the letters in a book Human genome: we have roughly 30 thousand genes in our DNA They discovered based on the mapping of the human genome that every human on earth Is 99. 99% genetically similar to every other human being on earth Repartition of thee. 01% difference: 5% deference among races, 95% differences within a race Nature genetics, 2004: race does NOT exist biologically; there Is no white, black, Arab, Asian race, and it is just a social concept We share: 95-98% of our DNA with chimps, 0% of our DNA with mice, 50% of our DNA with bananas, 44% of our DNA with fruit flies B. Evolutionary Psychology Bal . What is Evolutionary Psychology (PEP)? Newest perspective in psychology, heavily influenced by Darnings principals of the Theory of Evolution According to Darwin, the mall goal Is to survive and to transmit (natural selection); many organisms die out due to survival of the fittest Survival of the Fittest: when there is a match between characteristics of organism and demands of the environment Evolutionary psychologists took the theories of Darwin to explain unman behavior; they study behaviors that are universal and common to all human beings; they study adaptive behaviors (adaptation is essential for survival) Any behaviors, traits, or emotions that our ancestors had are what we see in humans today We are in the post-antibiotic era, bacteria are smart 82. Application of PEP to Sexuality Surveys: men think more about sex, masturbate more, want sex more than women, are more likely to interpret friendliness as a come-on, and are more likely to make sacrifices for sex Clark and Hatfield (1978): recruited average-looking men and women o go around campus saying: Hey, Ive noticed you around campus, want to go to bed tonight? Different attitudes about sex: majority of women were offended, majority of men would say yes or why wait till tonight? According to PEP: both men and women have the same goal, but have different strategies to achieve the goal due to physiological differences It takes women 9 months to produce a baby, so relational sex enhances survival; it doesnt take men long to plant their seeds, so recreational sex is best strategy 83. Retinue of PEP Professors Critique: this is offensive because most men, like most women, want to be n healthy relationships There are at least 18 societies today that encourage women to have multiple partners because they believe that a child can have multiple fathers (women in these societies are less likely to have a miscarriage, women with multiple partners were more likely to have children that made it to age of 15 years) How evolutionary psychologists explain gender differences in sexuality: Peps theorize that women have inherited their ancestors tendencies to be more sexually cautious because of the challenges associated with incubating and nurturing offspring, whereas men inherited an inclination to be more casual about sex because their act of fathering requires a smaller investment Three main criticisms of the evolutionary explanation of human sexuality: (1) it starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation, (2) unethical and immoral men could use such explanations to rationalize their behavior toward women (3) this explanation may overlook the effects of cultural expectations and colonization C. Behavior Genetics CLC . Introduction Behavior genetics: a field of study where the main goal and purpose is to determine he extent to which differences between individuals are due to genetics; Bags are interested in INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Why we differ and how genes affected this: see below Q. -ret studies Minimization (Identical) Twins: one sperm fertilizes one egg and then the egg splits, always the same gender, and 100% genetically similar Dogmatic (Fraternal) Twins: two different eggs fertilized by two different sperms, can be same or opposite sex, 50% identical twins should be more similar on this trait than fraternal twins 1 identical twin has Alchemists, other twin has 60% chance fraternal twin has Alchemists, other twin has 30% chance 1 identical twin divorces, other has 5. 5% chance 1 fraternal twin divorces, other has 1. % chance studies find that identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins in extroversion (outgoingness) and neurotics (emotional instability) MAKE LIST OF GENETIC COMPONEN TS AND OTHER COMPONENTS Genetic components: extroversion, neurotics, agreeableness, personality traits, temperament (emotional excitability) Other components: attitudes, values, manners, faith, politics Criticism: these twins have similar environments, they come into this oral at the same time, are exposed to the same things, same home, same school, maybe this is why they are similar Solution: started studying twins who were separated and reared apart; identical twins who are reared apart are more similar than fraternal twins who are reared apart Boucher et Al. : studied over 100 twins, results indicate that for certain traits there is a genetic component Conclusion: identical twins reared together are more similar to each other than identical twins reared apart; identical twins are more similar to each other (reared together or apart) than fraternal twins (reared together or apart) CO. Adoption Studies Rationale: we have one adopted child with two sets of parents biological and ad optive parents Clear evidence to indicate that adopted children, when it comes to personality, are more similar to their biological parents, even if they have never met them, than they are to their adoptive parents (personality has a strong biological component) CREATE TWO COLUMNS: BIOLOGICAL PARENTS VS ADOPTIVE PARENTS faith, politics CO. Family Studies Rationale: family members are more genetically similar to each other than strangers, if a trait has a genetic component to it then family members should be more similar n that trait than strangers are Within a family we have different degrees of genetics, therefore if a trait has a genetic component to it, then family members who are ore similar to each other genetically should be more like each other then family members who are less genetically similar to each other Regular siblings: 50% Parents and children: 50% Grandparents and grandchildren: 25% 1st cousins: 12. 5% CO. Temperament Studies Definition: a temperament is your typical emotional reactivity (the way you respond to life) and the typical intensity of that response. Do you respond with fear and anxiety? Or are you excited and bold? Or are you shy? Temperament is a component of personality, has a genetic component Babies come to this world equipped with a temper; four different types of temperaments: Easy babies (40%): positive emotions, Slow-to-warm babies (1 5%): shy, guarded in their expression, takes the awhile to adapt to new environments and strangers Difficult babies (10%): strong emotional reactions, fussy, cry a lot, patterns are unpredictable and irregular, not easy to soothe Physiological studies show that difficult babies have a more erred up/aroused nervous system Combination babies (35%): sometimes easy, sometimes difficult, moieties shy, sometimes bold Twin studies indicate that identical twins are more similar in their temperament than fraternal twins Temperament seems to endure, and stay stable throughout time Through nurture we can modify and reshape temperament; parenting does make a difference CO. Heritability Definition: the percentage of variation within a given population that is due to heredity (the degree to which differences between/amongst individuals are due to genetics) h2o = heritability coefficient (heritability can be quantified by a heritability coefficient) h2o = Variances / (Variances + Overcompensation) 2 varies between O and 1 If h2o = 0. 0 no genetic influence If h2o = 1. 0 all variance is due to genetic influence If h2o = 0. 4 40% genes (60% environment) if h2o = 0. 6 60% genes (40% environment) Points to know and remember about heritability: Sometimes for the same trait, different studies come up with a different h2o (due to environment) When environment is similar, h2o will be higher When environment is different, h2o will be lower Just because individual differences are heritable, it does NOT necessarily mean that differences between races, gender, generations are heritable CO. Nature and Nurture Interaction Just because you have inherited a gene does not mean that this gene is going to affect you, this gene may remain dormant for the rest of your life, genes MAY need the environment to turn them on, this is not always the case Self-regulating: the same gene will act differently in a different environment Both male and female rats have a gene that makes them very nurturing and loving towards baby rats, however this does not turn on till they can hear, see, and smell the baby rat We dont Just transmit genes to our offspring, we transmit the pattern of activation as well The environment is one of the most important factors influencing gene Genome Pigment: tells a genome to activate/turn on/turn off Methyl groups: chemicals that, when present, inactivate/silence a gene Acetate groups: tell the gene to turn on, express itself Epigenetic (simplified definition): study the factors that influence/affect gene expression with affecting DNA Epigenetic studies the mol ecular mechanisms by which environments trigger genetic expression; study of environmental factors that affect how our genes are expressed (life experiences beginning in the womb lay own epigenetic marks, organic methyl molecules, that can block the expression of any gene in the associated DNA segment) D. Behavior Genetics Definition: a field of research where scientists are trying to identify the genes to heart disease and everyone has heart disease except for a few people, study one person who has it and one person who doesnt; find the gene that varies and youll know which gene is responsible for high cholesterol and heart disease. Relevance to psychology: we study both mental illness and mental health and part of helping people become healthy is knowing which genes we need to fix; intervention, revelation, therapy. Promises and dangers: dangers if employers can tell that you have heart disease or something they may fire you, if parents can tell their baby is going to have a problem they may abort it; promises they can go into the chromosome and snip the gene that is problematic. Midterm Question Use one of the principles of evolutionary psychology to answer the following question: Each one of us has 4 grandparents. Using the principles of evolutionary psychology which one of those grandparents is going to spend the most time, money, energy and resources on you. Ill. The Nature Component A. Prenatal Development The baby in the womb is very well protected, however this protection is not 100%, the baby remains vulnerable in the womb because lots of germs and infections can pass through the placenta; this baby can be harmed due to mothers environment (living near a nuclear plant) or mothers diet (the food she is eating). Even though twins, identical and fraternal, share the same womb, they may not be sharing the same environment. Example: one twin may be getting the better nutrition, better protection from viruses, better blood and oxygen supply. Fraternal twins have different lactates, identical twins can have the same or different placentas; identical twins with different placentas are less similar to each other than identical twins who share the same placenta. Marked for life (? ): what happens in the womb can influence and effect our life later on; cancer, blood pressure and heart diseases all could have been rooted in nutrition of the mother when she was pregnant. Two twins in the womb touch each other and are aware of each others presence, this brings up the question of when does awareness begin? B. Experience and Brain Development Bal . Experience Facilitates Brain Development Nurture is essential and vital for proper brain development They need stimulation, proper nurture, to hear sounds and feel touch for proper brain development 82. Experience Changes the Brain For the longest time researchers believed that when the brain reaches maturity it will stay the same until it gets hit by diseases and begins to deteriorate However, we learned that even after the brain reaches maturity it continues to change through experience; learning new skills could cause your brain to change for the better: if you start taking new drugs and are always stressed that will change the brain for the ores They took a bunch of rats and treated them the same until they were 70, then they divided them into two groups: poor rats and rich rats; the poor rats were stuck in a cage and Just given food and water, the rich rats were given food, water, big cages, freedom to interact with each other, new toys to explore all the time; at 90 they killed the rats and studied the brains, realizing the rich rats brains developed more. C. How Much Credit or Blame do Parents Deserve? Abusive, neglected children who become neglectful, etc. In personality mea sures, shared environmental influences from the womb onward typically account for less Han 10% of childrens differences; two children are (apart from their shared genes) as different as two random children. Parents should be given less credit for kids who turn out great and blamed less for kids who dont; children are not easily sculpted by parental nurture. D. Peer Influence Definition: individuals who are the same age or have the same level of maturity as us It is clear to researchers that peers are important to ones life (peers go all the way back to infancy) If one does not have peers, they create imaginary ones because peers are needed Children who are bullied or rejected by their peers end up being pressed and may kill themselves in the future As we age we interact with peers more and more; growing interaction with friends leads to growing influence by peers such as music taste, the way you dress Peers and risk-taking behavior: children and young teenagers are more likely to have risk-taking behavior when their peers also take risks or if they think their peers are taking risks; is it selection of friends? Parents also influence us Lifestyle choices: your parents choose what neighborhood you live in, what school they put you in The quality of parent-child interaction influences and effects the laity of peer-child interaction; for example, boys who bully others are more likely to have parents who are aggressive and dominate them, boys who get bullied are more likely to have parents who are overbearing and protective of them Advice: you are affected by the advice parents give you about relationships, life, or anything else Bottom line: parents and peers both influence you by distinct and complementary MAKE A CHART: PARENTS INFLUENCE VS PEER INFLUENCE E. Culture Definition: the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next Norm: an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; norms prescribe proper behavior When we dont understand whats accepted or expected, we may experience culture shock; two great culture shocks are the differing pace of life and peoples differing senses of punctuality Cultures vary and compete for resources, and thus evolve over time; many changes have occurred since 1960 There have been positive changes (middle-class people travel more, eat out more, women have economic independence) and negative changes (increase in divorce, depression, and work hours); we cannot explain these rapid culture changes by changes in the unman gene pool; cultures vary, change, and shape our lives Individualism: giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications; behavior reflects ones personality and attitudes, confrontation acceptable Collectivism: giving priority to the goals of ones group (often ones extended family or work group) and defining ones identity accordingly; behavior reflects social norms and roles, harmony valued V. The Nature and Nurture of Gender (Not on first midterm, but definitely on final exam) Men Women Tend to feel better about their appearance Four times more likely to commit suicide or suffer alcohol dependence More often diagnosed with color-blindness, autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (as children), and antisocial personality disorder (as adults) In surveys, men admit to more (direct, physical) aggression than do women Male-to-female arrest ratio for murder is 9 to 1 in the United States and 8 to 1 in Canada Express more support for war (hunting, fighting, and warring are primarily mens activities) Perceived as being more dominant, forceful, and independent (place more importance on power and achievement) Tend to be more direct, even autocratic Talk assertively, interrupt, initiate touches, stare more, smile less, apologize less Boys typically play in large groups with an activity focus and little intimate discussion Male answer syndrome: men are more likely than women to hazard answers rather than admit they dont know Part of the parietal cortex (key area for space perception) is thicker in men Tend to f eel better about their behavior and ethics The average woman enters puberty two years earlier, lives five years longer, carries 70 percent more fat, has 40 percent less muscle, and is 5 inches shorter Can become sexually re-aroused immediately after orgasm Smell fainter odors Express emotions more freely Offered help more often Doubly vulnerable to depression and anxiety, risk of developing eating disorders is 10 times greater Women are perceived as being more deferential, nurture, and affiliated Tend to be more democratic, more welcoming of subordinates input in decision making Girls usually play in smaller groups, often with one friend (play is less competitive than boys and more imitative of social relationships) Females are more open and responsive to feedback than are males Females are more interdependent than males Women are more likely to tend and befriend (are more open with each other, desire intimacy) Parts of the frontal lobe (involved in verbal fluency) are reportedly thicker in women Gender similarities and differences 2 of the 46 chromosomes are sex chromosomes; these sex chromosomes determine whether a baby is genetically male or female The major sex chromosomes are X and Y; mother always contributes an X, father can contribute an X or Y (i f he contributes a Y the baby is male, X the baby is female) If the baby only ends up with one chromosome and it is an X the baby can survive but will have trouble later in life; if the baby only ends up with a Y it cannot survive and is terminated immediately in the mob There is a gene on chromosome Y called UDF that kicks in at 7 months in the womb, forming testes and testosterone (for female babies the absence of testosterone leads to the development of female body parts) Hormones influence and Female rats or monkeys: if injected with testosterone when they are pregnant the female babies behave like the males of the species, going after women and being more aggressive Human cases: the girls are more tomboyish, they dont like Jewelry and dolls, they like guns and like to play war; the bodies of men who are genetically male produce testosterone but their cells dont respond to testosterone, so their dies dont develop male genitalia and they become more like girls Normal hormone leve ls = average women Higher levels of progesterone = more feminine Higher levels of testosterone = more masculine The role of culture and society Parents describe their baby girl as being delicate, little, sweet; they describe baby boys as being firm, strong, and well-coordinated Medically, there are not differences in strength, alertness, and coordination between baby boys and girls Study: a baby boy was dressed in pink (parents held the baby for a long time, walked and rocked the baby, gave the baby teddy bears and bunnies to play with, cooed the baby) then he baby was dressed in blue (parents gave the baby a truck and hammer to play with, held the baby for a bit, then put him on the floor and encouraged him to start to crawl). Gender identity: a strong sense of being male or female Gender roles: expectations from society linked and associated with being a male or female; these gender roles vary from one culture to the next Gender typed: adopting a traditional masculine role or a traditional feminine roll There are many theories in psychology attempting to explain gender Social learning theory: we learn about a gender through observation, we learn through modeling, we have a role model and e imitate that role model, we learn through observation, modeling, rewarding and punishing Gender schema theory: they do accept what social learning theory is, saying yes there is observation, modeling, rewarding and punishing, but they take it several steps further; children are not learning passively, rather they are actively taking this information, drawing conclusions about this information, and they organize it into boys, girls, men, and women; those schemes become a rule in their life.

Report paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report paper - Essay Example Import of cereals into the country has been on the verge of increasing because of the rising needs for the use of cereals, vegetable and milk. The main factor that triggers this scenario is the increase in the number of young people as compared to the older people in the workforce. For instance, with the increased rates of employment culminating to maximum in the year 2010 to 2012, the workforce continues to demand for the increase in food supplies. However, the rates of increase in the importation of cereals are going down. An explanation for this is deeply rooted in the effort by the governance and policy makers of the region to bring about food security and contribute to the growth of GDP (Das & Mustapha 92). The data below shows the countries that export cereals to Qatar: The following is a relational chart that brings about the connection between the declines in the rates of importation of cereals into Qatar. It shows the way the development in the GDP of the country. The relation is in the mode in which it influences the food security as well as strategies for the economic growth (Das & Mustapha